Electrical Lamp Types

In our daily lives, electricity serves a variety of purposes. It is utilized for residential purposes such as operating fans, electric stoves, air conditioning, and lighting up rooms. But lighting is where power is used the most prominently and frequently.
Electrical Lamp Types

The various kinds of bulbs consist of:

Luminaires incandescent
Halogen Tungsten Lamps
Floating Lamps
Lamps That Are Compact
Lamps using mercury vapor
Metal-halide lighting
Lamps using High Pressure Sodium Vapour
Lamps using Low Pressure Sodium Vapour
LED Lights

Luminaires incandescent

An electric light source known as an incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp, or incandescent light globe

From 1.5 volts to around 300 volts, incandescent bulbs are produced in a variety of diameters, light outputs, and voltage ratings. They operate just as well on alternating current as they do on direct current, have inexpensive production costs, and don’t need any extra regulating apparatus.

As a result, incandescent bulbs are now often used for decorative and commercial lighting, as well as for portable lighting like table lamps, flashlights, and car headlights.

Halogen Tungsten Lamps

Thorium Halogen Except for a little amount of halogen (often bromine) in the fill gas, lamps are constructed similarly to ordinary gas-filled tungsten filament lamps.

The tungsten that has evaporated, moved outside, and been deposited on the lamp wall reacts with the halogen gas. Tungsten combines with the halogen to generate tungsten halide, which escapes the lamp’s wall and moves back to the filament once the quartz envelope wall reaches a temperature of about 250oC.

A tungsten halogen lamp’s filament serves two functions. The first is to produce light, and the second is to produce the heat required to raise the wall temperature to 250 °C. When used at design voltage, these bulbs are built to maintain the required wall temperature. If the voltage is reduced by more than 10% from the design voltage, the wall temperature is likely to drop below the necessary 250oC.

Fluorescent

Fluorescent lighting systems typically have a luminous efficacy of 50 to 100 lumens per watt, which is significantly higher than the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with a similar light output. In contrast, an incandescent bulb may only have a luminous efficacy of 16 lumens per watt.

Fluorescent light fittings are more expensive than incandescent lamp fixtures because, among other things, a ballast is required to regulate current through the lamp. However, the initial expense is mitigated by a far reduced operational cost.

Lamps That Are Compact

A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also known as a compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light, or a compact fluorescent tube, is a form of fluorescent lamp made to fit inside light fixtures made to accommodate incandescent bulbs. The lamps use a folded or curved tube.

CFLs use one-fifth to one-third less electricity and last eight to fifteen times longer than general-purpose incandescent lights while producing the same amount of visible light. A CFL costs more to buy than an incandescent light, but over the course of its lifespan, it can save more than five times that amount on electricity expenditures.

CFLs are difficult to dispose of since they contain dangerous mercury like all fluorescent bulbs do. The government of numerous nations has made it illegal to dispose of CFLs with ordinary trash. These nations have set up unique CFL and other hazardous waste collection procedures.

Lamps using mercury vapor

A gas-discharge lamp called a mercury-vapour lamp emits light by passing an electric arc through vapourized mercury. The arc discharge often only affects a small fused quartz piece.

With luminous efficacies of 35 to 65 lumens/watt, mercury vapour lamps are more energy-efficient than incandescent and the majority of fluorescent lights. Their additional benefits include a long bulb life of up to 24,000 hours and a bright, pure white light output.

These factors lead to their employment as streetlights and big area overhead illumination in places like factories, warehouses, and sporting venues. Spectral lines in mercury combine to generate white light with a bluish-green hue in clear mercury lamps.

Metal-halide lighting

An electrical lamp known as a “metal-halide lamp” emits light when an electric arc passes through a gaseous mixture of mercury and metal halides that have been vapourized (compounds of metals with bromine or iodine). A high-intensity discharge of the kind.

Lamps using High Pressure Sodium Vapour

High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are frequently employed as plant grow lights and have been utilized extensively in industrial lighting, particularly in big manufacturing plants. They have mercury in them.

They have also been frequently utilized for lighting outside spaces, such as parking lots, streets, and security zones. When designing road lighting, it is crucial to take into account the shift in human color vision sensitivity from photopic to mesopic and scotopic.

When tested for photopic lighting conditions, high-pressure sodium lights have an efficiency of roughly 100 lumens per watt. The efficacies of certain higher-power bulbs (such as 600 watt lamps) are around 150 lumens per watt.

Arc tubes are frequently built of translucent aluminum oxide due to the intense chemical reactivity of high-pressure sodium arcs. Due to this design, the General Electric Company gave its range of high-pressure sodium lamps the trade name “Lucalox.”

Lamps using Low Pressure Sodium Vapour

In order to start the gas discharge in low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps, a little amount of neon and argon gas in a Penning mixture is added to the gas discharge tube (arc tube) made of borosilicate glass. The discharge tube can be either U-shaped or linear (SLI lamp).

When the lamp first comes on,

LPS lamps are more efficient because of the outer glass vacuum envelope that surrounds the inner discharge tube for thermal insulation. There was a detachable dewar jacket on earlier LPS lamps (SO lamps).

To enhance thermal insulation, lights with a persistent vacuum envelope (SOI lamps) were created. SOX lamps were created by covering the glass envelope with an indium tin oxide layer that reflects infrared light.

When tested under photopic lighting conditions, LPS lamps are among the most effective electrical light sources, producing more than 100 and as much as 206 lm/W. The light being emitted is at a wavelength that is close to the human eye’s peak sensitivity, which contributes to its high efficiency. They are primarily utilized for exterior lighting (such as security and street lights).

LED Lights

Light-emitting diode is what it stands for. Up to 90% more light is produced by LED lighting devices than by incandescent bulbs. Visible light is produced when an electrical current flows through a microchip and ignites the tiny light sources known as LEDs. The heat that LEDs generate is absorbed into a heat sink in order to prevent performance difficulties.

LED Light

In various aspects, LED lighting is different from fluorescent and incandescent lighting. LED lighting is more effective, versatile, and durable when it is well-designed.

In contrast to incandescent and CFL, which generate light and heat in all directions, LEDs are “directional” light sources, meaning they only release light in a particular direction. This implies that LEDs can use light and energy more effectively in a variety of applications.

Amber, red, green, and blue are typical LED hues. Different colored LEDs are blended or covered with a phosphor substance to create white light, which changes the color of the light to the well-known “white” light used in homes. Some LEDs are covered in a yellowish substance called phosphor. Colored LEDs are frequently utilized as indication lights and signal lights.